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Sophia of Halshany
Sophia of Halshany or Sonka Olshanskaya ((ベラルーシ語:Соф'я Гальшанская, ''Sofja Halšanskaja''); (リトアニア語:Sofija Alšėniškė); (ポーランド語:Zofia Holszańska); – September 21, 1461 in Kraków) was a Lithuanian princess of Halshany. As the fourth and last wife of Jogaila, King of Poland and Supreme Duke of Lithuania, she was Queen consort of Poland (1422–1434). As the mother of Władysław III, King of Poland and Hungary, and Casimir IV, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, she was the founder of the Jagiellon dynasty.
==Early life and marriage to Jogaila==
Sophia was a middle daughter of Andrew Olshansky, son of Vytautas' right-hand man Ivan Olshansky, and Alexandra Drucka, daughter of Dmitry of Druck. Historians disagree on the identity of Dmitry: Polish historiography usually provides Jogaila's half-brother Dmitry I Starshiy〔Duczmal (2012), p. 422〕 while Russian historians provide Dimitri Semenovich of Rurikid origin.〔Nosevich (2000)〕 Her father died when she was young and the family moved to Druck to live with Alexandra's brother Siemion Drucki. Sophia grew up in a Russian environment and was an Eastern Orthodox Christian (her Orthodox name is Sonka). It is believed that she was illiterate and largely uneducated.〔
It is unknown when Sophia met Jogaila for the first time. It is known that they met in the winter of 1420–1421 when Jogaila visited Druck.〔Duczmal (2012), p. 423〕 At the time Sophia was still a teenager, while Jogaila was around 60〔Tęgowski (1999), pp. 124–125〕 or 70〔 and widowed three times (most recently in May 1420 when Elizabeth Granowska died). He had only one surviving daughter, Hedwig Jagiellon, and no male heir. Their marriage was supported by Siemion Drucki, her uncle, and Vytautas, her aunt's husband, but opposed by Polish nobility and Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, who proposed marriage to his brother's widow Sophia of Bavaria.〔
According to a custom, it would be a disgrace if a younger sister would marry before the elder sister. Therefore, Sophia's older sister Vasilisa was married off to Ivan Bielski, son of Jogaila's half-brother Vladimir Olgerdovich, in 1421.〔Bychowiec Chronicle ((Улащик (1968) ))〕 In February 1422, Sophia was baptized in the Roman Catholic rite (Sophia is her Catholic baptismal name).〔Duczmal (2012), p. 424〕 The wedding ceremony, carried out by Matthias of Trakai, Bishop of Samogitia, took place in Navahrudak on February 7〔Wdowiszewski (1968), pp. 44-47〕 or 24.〔Tęgowski (1999), p. 130〕 However, her coronation as Queen of Poland took place two years later, on March 5, 1424. This delay is explained by resistance from the Polish nobility and rather distant relationship between Sophia and Jogaila.〔
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